Bart Budak

Platycerium

A growing catalog of staghorn ferns — notes on origin, care difficulty, propagation, and known hybrids. Intended as a practical reference for fellow Platycerium keepers.

Phylogeny

Click a species to jump to its entry

  • Paleotropic clade
    • Regal group
    • Twin-spore group
    • Staghorn group
  • Afro-American clade

Grouping based on DNA testing. Source: American Journal of Botany, February 2006.

Biogeographical regions

Per Kreier & Schneider, American Journal of Botany 2006.

  • Region 1Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
  • Region 2Australia
  • Region 3Africa, Madagascar & South America

Filter

19 / 19 shown
Difficulty
Region
Propagation
Spore form
Other

Platycerium alcicorne

P. alcicorne 'Vassei'

L1
Native to
East Africa, Madagascar
Region
R3 Africa, Madagascar & South America
Propagation
Pups
Spore form
between first & second frond division

Occurs as two distinct forms — African and Madagascan — long thought to be separate species (P. alcicorne and P. vassei). The African form is easy and winter-dormant; the Madagascan form is harder to find and grow.

Platycerium bifurcatum

Common Staghorn

L1
Native to
Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea
Region
R2 Australia
Propagation
Pups

The common staghorn — probably the most cultivated platycerium in the world and the namesake of the Bifurcatum complex. Easy, pups prolifically, tolerates a wide temperature range and light from filtered to full sun.

Platycerium hillii

L1
Native to
Queensland, Australia
Region
R2 Australia
Propagation
Pups

Hardy Queensland native that pups prolifically. Shield fronds grow tight against the mount, and the fertile fronds collect dew at night — best remounted in November.

Platycerium veitchii

Silver Elkhorn

L1
Native to
Eastern Australia
Region
R2 Australia
Propagation
Pups

The Silver Elkhorn of semi-arid eastern Australia. Drought-tolerant and rugged; high light is essential to get the silvery, vertical form with long shield-frond fingers.

Platycerium willinckii

Java Staghorn

L1
Native to
Java, Lesser Sunda Islands
Region
R2 Australia
Propagation
Pups & spore

Java Staghorn — easy but slower and less cold-hardy than P. bifurcatum. Mature plants can carry twice as many fertile fronds; white-haired undersides shield against heat and water loss.

Platycerium grande

L2
Native to
Philippines
Region
R1 Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
Propagation
Spore
Spore form
on lobes

Philippine giant, separated from P. superbum in 1970. Rare in the trade and distinctly harder to grow than P. superbum, with the signature trait of two equal-size spore patches per fertile lobe.

Platycerium superbum

L2
Native to
Australia
Region
R1 Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
Propagation
Spore
Spore form
on lobes

Australian giant, the easier half of the former P. grande complex. Sun-tolerant and forgiving; doesn't pup and produces one spore patch per fertile frond.

Platycerium wandae

Queen Staghorn

L2
Native to
New Guinea
Region
R1 Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
Propagation
Spore
Spore form
on lobes

The largest staghorn in the genus — roughly 30% bigger than P. superbum. New Guinea native that wants brighter filtered shade and greenhouse-level humidity; throws fertile fronds at a younger age than any other giant.

Platycerium andinum

American Staghorn

L3
Native to
Peru, Bolivia
Region
R3 Africa, Madagascar & South America
Propagation
Pups & spore
Spore form
between first & second frond division

The only staghorn naturally growing in the Americas — native to Peru's Río Huallaga valley. Tall slender form with spore patches centered on the fertile fronds; general care is moderate, but spore propagation is among the hardest in the genus.

Platycerium elephantotis

Angola Staghorn · Elephant Ear Fern

L3
Native to
Tropical Africa
Region
R3 Africa, Madagascar & South America
Propagation
Pups
Spore form
between first & second frond division

The Elephant Ear Fern of tropical Africa, named for its massive rounded shields. Wants bright warm conditions and pups freely — but rot sets in quickly under low light.

Platycerium elemaria

Named hybrid

L3
Native to
Propagation
Pups & spore

A named hybrid, not a natural species — P. andinum × P. elephantotis (DNA-verified). Tolerates cooler temperatures than either parent; rot from overwatering is the usual failure mode.

Platycerium ellisii

L3
Native to
Eastern Madagascar
Region
R3 Africa, Madagascar & South America
Propagation
Pups
Spore form
between first & second frond division

Madagascar mangrove native with distinctive wide gaps between its shield fronds. Relies heavily on atmospheric humidity — Roy Vail stuffs the gaps with sphagnum to help with water retention.

Platycerium holttumii

L3
Native to
Southeast Asia, Malaysia
Region
R1 Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
Propagation
Spore
Spore form
on lobes

SE Asian giant, named for Dr. R. E. Holttum of Kew. The moderate entry to the large-platy group — wants bright light and high humidity and propagates almost entirely by spore.

Platycerium stemaria

Triangle Staghorn

L3
Native to
Tropical Africa
Region
R3 Africa, Madagascar & South America
Propagation
Pups
Spore form
between first & second frond division

The Triangle Staghorn of tropical Africa, normally grown in low light. Tall wavy shields with wide, hairy-undersided fertile fronds. Cultivars 'Laurentii' and 'Hawke' are particularly notable.

Platycerium coronarium

Crown Staghorn

L4
Native to
Taiwan, Malaysia
Region
R1 Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
Propagation
Pups & spore
Spore form
on pods

Crown Staghorn of Taiwan and Malaysia. Shields are cork-like and easily overwatered; the horizontal rhizome demands basket or under-board mounting. Shares spore-pod morphology only with P. ridleyi.

Platycerium madagascariense

L4
Native to
Central Madagascar
Region
R3 Africa, Madagascar & South America
Propagation
Pups & spore
Spore form
between first & second frond division

Central-Madagascar endemic from moist forests at 1000–2000 ft. Chlorine-sensitive — wants RO or distilled water and greenhouse humidity. Mature plants develop a distinctive spherical base.

Platycerium quadridichotomum

L5
Native to
Western Madagascar
Region
R3 Africa, Madagascar & South America
Propagation
Pups
Spore form
between first & second frond division

Arguably the rarest and least-understood platycerium — native to western Madagascar's limestone dry country. Extreme seasonal dormancy in habitat (fronds roll up, brown and crispy) though cultivation opinions on dormancy diverge sharply.

Platycerium ridleyi

Ridley's Staghorn

L5
Native to
Malay Peninsula
Region
R1 Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
Propagation
Spore
Spore form
on pods

The grail of platycerium keepers — Malay Peninsula canopy native. Hardest to grow away from native humidity, but air circulation is the real key. One of only two species with spore pods instead of patches.

Platycerium wallichii

Indian Staghorn

L5
Native to
Thailand, Northern India, Burma, Yunnan (China)
Region
R1 Indochina, Malaysia, New Guinea & Australia
Propagation
Spore
Spore form
on lobes

Indian Staghorn of monsoon forests from Thailand to Yunnan. More often dies from stalled dormancy than outright rot; green spore has short viability and germinates quickly on moist moss.